[This follows the post titled ‘When will these state divisions stop?’ Here I discuss some recommendations and other observations. You have to read the previous post before you read this.]
There are two initial conditions for the current set of problems we are facing where many regions are clamoring for new states.
Problem 1: The center was averse, reluctant and sometimes downright opposed to formation of new states in India equating it to balkanization of the country.
Problem 2: India being a weak-federal strong-central country, the incumbent states like to remain big so that their bigger strength in the Parliament gives them better negotiating terms.
These two problems form the premise for most of the problems that we are facing with various neglected regions in India. There are two ground realities that emanate from the diversity of this country.
Reality 1: Though there are many states in India, we do not recognize various kinds of identities in India. While some identities got statehoods, others did not. Many states have one majority identity clubbed with few or many minority identities.
Reality 2: All individuals and all identities work with self-interest. If unchecked, a majority and privileged group could inadvertently dominate and marginalize the minority and underprivileged group within a state, even when no preset agenda or a plan exists.
Over a prolonged period of time, the above two problems combined with above two ground realities could result in the following situation.
Situation
Imagine a state where region A forms the majority and the privileged while region B forms the minority and the underprivileged. Reality 1 and Reality 2 suggests that there should be safeguards, protections, guarantees and reservations to protect people of region B. In most states of India those safeguards and protections do not exist because of shortsightedness and reluctance of India to recognize those identities as valid constituents.
And where those safeguards and protections exist, like in Andhra Pradesh, the region A could still flout them with impunity using the clout of majority; and there is nothing the region B could do other than complain, protest, agitate, and in the worst case scenario ask for separate statehood.
When the region B clamors for separate statehood, the incumbent state will be unwilling to let go of this region no matter what, because of Problem 2 – they don’t want to become smaller. All efforts by region B to get attention from the Center will be snubbed, because of Problem 1 – center doesn’t want to create more states.
So how do we get out of such situations? Here I propose some of the possible methods.